{"id":10745,"date":"2025-09-26T00:03:58","date_gmt":"2025-09-26T00:03:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stesa.com\/mapas\/?post_type=ficha&#038;p=10745"},"modified":"2025-09-26T00:10:33","modified_gmt":"2025-09-26T00:10:33","slug":"centroamerica-y-panama-en-1920","status":"publish","type":"ficha","link":"https:\/\/stesa.com\/mapas\/doc\/centroamerica-y-panama-en-1920\/","title":{"rendered":"Centroam\u00e9rica y Panam\u00e1 en 1920"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Centroam\u00e9rica y Panam\u00e1 en 1920 <a href=\"https:\/\/stesa.com\/mapas\/wp-content\/uploads\/10745\/Centroamerica-y-Panama-en-1920.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(formato PDF)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Composici\u00f3n pol\u00edtica<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>En 1920, Centroam\u00e9rica estaba formada por los cinco Estados hist\u00f3ricos de la regi\u00f3n y la joven rep\u00fablica de Panam\u00e1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Guatemala<\/li>\n<li>El Salvador<\/li>\n<li>Honduras<\/li>\n<li>Nicaragua<\/li>\n<li>Costa Rica<\/li>\n<li>Panam\u00e1 (independiente desde 1903, bajo fuerte influencia de EE. UU.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La antigua Federaci\u00f3n Centroamericana ya era historia (disuelta desde 1838), pero la idea unionista a\u00fan circulaba en discursos pol\u00edticos y acad\u00e9micos.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Situaci\u00f3n hist\u00f3rica<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Guatemala: transici\u00f3n pol\u00edtica tras la muerte del dictador Manuel Estrada Cabrera en 1920, lo que puso fin a dos d\u00e9cadas de r\u00e9gimen autoritario.<\/li>\n<li>El Salvador: bajo gobiernos militares y olig\u00e1rquicos, con fuerte dependencia de las exportaciones de caf\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>Honduras: inestabilidad pol\u00edtica cr\u00f3nica, golpes de Estado frecuentes y fuerte influencia de la United Fruit Company.<\/li>\n<li>Nicaragua: control indirecto de EE. UU., que ocupaba el pa\u00eds desde 1912 para asegurar sus intereses estrat\u00e9gicos.<\/li>\n<li>Costa Rica: tras la ca\u00edda de Federico Tinoco Granados en 1919, en 1920 regres\u00f3 un gobierno constitucional con Julio Acosta Garc\u00eda.<\/li>\n<li>Panam\u00e1: administraba el territorio nacional, pero el Canal de Panam\u00e1 (abierto en 1914) estaba bajo control estadounidense seg\u00fan el tratado Hay-Bunau-Varilla, lo que reduc\u00eda su soberan\u00eda.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Econom\u00eda<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Modelo agroexportador: caf\u00e9 en Guatemala, El Salvador y Costa Rica; banano en Honduras y Costa Rica; az\u00facar y cacao en menor medida.<\/li>\n<li>Dependencia de compa\u00f1\u00edas extranjeras, sobre todo la United Fruit Company, que ten\u00eda concesiones en Costa Rica, Guatemala y Honduras.<\/li>\n<li>El Canal de Panam\u00e1 se consolidaba como el principal punto estrat\u00e9gico del comercio interoce\u00e1nico y fuente de ingresos para EE. UU.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Sociedad y cultura<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Predominaba una sociedad rural, con \u00e9lites terratenientes en el poder y amplias mayor\u00edas campesinas e ind\u00edgenas marginadas.<\/li>\n<li>La educaci\u00f3n y la infraestructura eran limitadas, salvo en algunas capitales (San Jos\u00e9, Guatemala, San Salvador, Tegucigalpa, Managua, Ciudad de Panam\u00e1).<\/li>\n<li>El contacto con potencias extranjeras (sobre todo EE. UU.) comenzaba a introducir nuevos estilos culturales, tecnol\u00f3gicos y comerciales.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>En resumen:<\/strong>Centroam\u00e9rica y Panam\u00e1 en 1920 eran seis rep\u00fablicas pol\u00edticamente inestables y con econom\u00edas dependientes del agro y de compa\u00f1\u00edas extranjeras. Panam\u00e1, aunque independiente, estaba subordinada al control estadounidense sobre el canal. Era una regi\u00f3n estrat\u00e9gica, pero marcada por desigualdades sociales y tensiones pol\u00edticas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Composici\u00f3n pol\u00edtica. En 1920, Centroam\u00e9rica estaba formada por los cinco Estados hist&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10746,"template":"","categoria_ficha":[2047],"class_list":["post-10745","ficha","type-ficha","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","categoria_ficha-mapas-de-america-central"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Centroam\u00e9rica y Panam\u00e1 en 1920 - Galer\u00eda de mapas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gifex.com\/mapas\/doc\/centroamerica-y-panama-en-1920\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Centroam\u00e9rica y Panam\u00e1 en 1920 - Galer\u00eda de mapas\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Composici\u00f3n pol\u00edtica. 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